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ePaper created 2014-06-03, 15:03:20 | version 1.30.01
51 02 RENEWABLES 2014 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL POWER (CSP) ■■ CSP MARKETS The concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) market continued to advance in 2013 after record growth in 2012. Total global capacity increased by nearly 0.9 GW, up 36%, to more than 3.4 GW.1 (See Figure 15 and Reference Table R8.) The United States and Spain continued their global market leadership.2 However, a global shift to areas of high direct normal irradiation (DNI) in developing-country markets is accelerating.3 Global installed capacity of CSP has increased nearly 10-fold since 2004; during the five-year period from the end of 2008 to the end of 2013, total global capacity grew at an average annual rate approaching 50%.4 Parabolic trough technologies represented all of the facilities added during the year, as well as the majority of plants under construction by mid-2013. Towers/central receivers continued to increase their market share, however, with significant capacity added in early 2014.5 Fresnel and parabolic dish technologies remain in an earlier developmental stage. The United States became the leading market in 2013, adding 375 MW to end the year with almost 0.9 GW in operation, and just short of 1 GW under construction.6 The new Solana plant (250 MW) in Arizona is the world’s largest parabolic trough plant and the first U.S. CSP plant with thermal energy storage (TES).7 U.S. capacity took another significant leap in early 2014, when the 377 MW Ivanpah plant started feeding electricity into the grid.8 Upon its completion, the Ivanpah plant, based on tower/central receiver technology, was the largest solar thermal electric facility of any type operating in the world.9 Spain sustained its global leadership in existing CSP capacity, adding 350 MW in 2013 to increase operating capacity by 18%, for a total of 2.3 GW at year’s end.10 Parabolic trough remained the dominant technology in Spain, making up all of the capacity that came on line during the year. Due to policy changes in 2012 and early 2013 that placed a moratorium on new construction in the country, no new plants were under construction by the end of 2013.11 Thus, the United States is set to maintain its position as the leading CSP market in 2014. In other markets, capacity nearly tripled during 2013, to just under 250 MW.12 Additions included the 100 MW Shams 1 plant intheUnitedArabEmiratesanda50MWplantinRajasthan,India (both parabolic trough plants), and the first phase (10 MW) of a 50 MW tower/central receiver plant in Delingha, China.13 Other countries with existing CSP that did not add capacity in 2013 include Algeria (25 MW), Egypt (20 MW), Morocco (20 MW), Australia (13 MW), and Thailand (5 MW).14 Several additional countries had small pilot plants in operation, including France, Germany, Israel, Italy, South Africa, South Korea, and Turkey.15 During 2013, CSP continued to expand to new markets in Asia, Latin America, and particularly across Africa and the Middle East.16 South Africa remained one of the most active markets, with 100 MW of parabolic trough and 100 MW of power tower capacity under construction at year’s end.17 In neighbouring Namibia, preliminary evaluation of a 50 MW plant with TES was under way.18 Over USD 600 million was pledged in 2013 to support Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia in bringing more than 1 GW of CSP to the regional market.i 19 As of early 2014, construction was under way in Morocco (160 MW) and Egypt (100 MW).20 IntheMiddleEast,Kuwaitopenedbiddingproceduresfora50 MW CSP plant with thermal storage, expected to be operational in 2016.21 Saudi Arabia announced plans to spend USD 109 Figure 15. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Global Capacity, by Country or Region, 2004–2013 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Megawatts 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 World Total 3,425 Megawatts Rest of World Spain United States Figure 15. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Global Capacity, by Country or Region, 2004–2013 i - This was pledged by the Climate Investment Funds, which are supported by the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the World Bank Group. Source: See Endnote 1 for this section.