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202 ENDNOTES REFERENCE TABLES REFERENCE TABLES 1 Table R1 derived from the following sources: Bio-power based on 83 GW of capacity at end-2012 (see GSR 2013), preliminary data from International Energy Agency (IEA), Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2014 (Paris: OECD/IEA, forthcoming 2014), and national level data from the following: U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Energy Projects, “Energy Infrastructure Update for December 2013,” https://www.ferc. gov/legal/staff-reports/2013/dec-energy-infrastructure.pdf; Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat), Erneuerbare Energien im Jahr 2013 (Berlin: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi), 2014), http://www.bmwi. de/BMWi/Redaktion/PDF/A/agee-stat-bericht-ee-2013,prope rty=pdf,bereich=bmwi2012,sprache=de,rwb=true.pdf; China National Renewable Energy Centre, "CNREC 2013 Activities within China National Renewable Energy Centre" (Beijing: March 2014); Brazilian electricity regulatory agency (ANEEL), 2013, provided by Maria Beatriz Monteiro, CENBIO, personal communication with REN21, 16 April 2014; IEA, Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2013 (Paris: OECD/IEA, 2013); Red Eléctrica de España (REE), “Potencia instalada Peninsular (MW),” as of 31 December 2013, updated March 2014, http:// www.ree.es; Government of India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), “Physical Progress (Achievements),” 31 December 2013, http://www.mnre.gov.in/mission-and-vision-2/ achievements/; Directorate General for Energy and Geology (DGEG), provided by Lara Ferreira, Portuguese Renewable Energy Association, personal communication with REN21, May 2014; U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), Statistics, Energy Trends Section 6: Renewables, Department of Energy and Climate Change, March 2014 (updated 10 April 2014), p. 6, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/295356/6_Renewables.pdf; Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies (ISEP), Renewables Japan Status Report 2014 (Tokyo: March 2014) (in Japanese), data provided by Hironao Matsubara, ISEP, personal communication with REN21, 23 April 2014; Luca Benedetti, Energy Studies and Statistics, Gestore dei Servizi Energetici (GSE S.p.A.), Rome, personal communication with REN21, 16 May 2014; Government Offices of Sweden, “Sweden's second progress report on the development of renewable energy pursuant to Article 22 of Directive 2009/28/EC,” 23 December 2013, http://ec.europa.eu/ energy/renewables/reports/2013_en.htm. Geothermal power from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), per Benjamin Matek, GEA, personal communication with REN21, March 2014, and other sources provided in Endnote 5 of this section. Hydropower from International Hydropower Association (IHA), personal communication with REN21, March-April 2014; from preliminary estimates in IEA, Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2014, op. cit. this note; and from Hydropower Equipment Association (HEA) data based on its members’ aggregated input, personal communication with REN21, April 2014. Ocean power from Ocean Energy Systems (OES), “Ocean Energy in the World,” http://www.ocean-energy-systems.org/ocean_energy_ in_the_world/; from OES, Annual Report 2012 (Lisbon: 2012), Table 6.1, http://www.ocean-energy-systems.org/oes_reports/ annual_reports/2012_annual_report/; and from Électricité de France (EDF), “Usine marémotrice de La Rance,” http://energie. edf.com/hydraulique/energies-marines/carte-des-implantations- marines/usine-maremotrice-de-la-rance/presentation-51516. html. See Ocean Energy section and related endnotes for more information. Solar PV from sources in Endnote 7 of this section. CSP from sources in Endnote 8 of this section. Wind power from sources in Endnote 10 of this section. Modern bio-heat based on 293 GWth in GSR 2013, which was estimated from the 297 GWth in 2008 quoted in Helena Chum et al., “Bioenergy,” Chapter 2 in O. Edenhofer et al., eds., IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Resources and Climate Change Mitigation, prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge, U.K. and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011) and the 270 GWth in 2009 referenced in Global Energy Assessment – Toward a Sustainable Future (Cambridge, U.K. and Laxenburg, Austria: Cambridge University Press and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2012), and assuming a 1% growth rate for 2013. No more-accurate data currently exist. Geothermal heating capacity derived from the average of two estimated values. The first (25.8 GWth) was derived from global annual direct use in 2009–2011, from IEA, World Energy Statistics (Paris: OECD/IEA, 2013), data for 2011, and from a capacity factor of about 46% for 2009, calculated from John W. Lund, Derek H. Freeston, and Tonya L. Boyd, "Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2010 Worldwide Review," Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010, (Bali, Indonesia: 25–29 April 2010), and escalated at the observed two-year average growth rate (2009–2011) to 2012 and 2013; the second (19.3 GWth) was derived from global capacity of 15,346 MWth in 2009, from Lund, Freeston, and Boyd, op. cit. this note, which was escalated first at the annual growth rate from IEA data to 2011 and then by the two-year average growth rate (2009–2011) to 2013, as above. The average of these two values is the estimated global heat capacity at 22.6 GWth, with estimated increase of 1.3 GWth during 2013. The divergence between the two sources for geothermal heat output, and the need to extrapolate over 2–4 years, makes these estimates subject to great uncertainty. Solar collectors for water heating estimates based on end-2012 total capacity, and preliminary estimate for end-2013 capacity, from Franz Mauthner, AEE – Institute for Sustainable Technologies (AEE-INTEC), Gleisdorf, Austria, personal communication with REN21, March- May 2014, and on Franz Mauthner and Werner Weiss, Solar Heat Worldwide: Markets and Contribution to the Energy Supply 2012 (Gleisdorf, Austria: IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme (SHC), forthcoming May 2014). See Solar Thermal Heating and Cooling section and related endnotes for more details. Ethanol, biodiesel, and HVO production data from sources in Endnote 4 of this section. 2 Table R2 derived from the following sources: For all global data, see Endnote 1 for this section and other relevant reference tables. For more specific data and sources, see Global Market and Industry Overview section and Market and Industry section and related endnotes. Bio-power for EU-28 and individual European countries based on the following: AGEE-Stat, op. cit. note 1; Benedetti, op. cit. note 1; REE, op. cit. note 1; DGEG, op. cit. note 1; DECC, op. cit. note 1; Réseau de Transport d'Électricité, (RTE), Bilan Électrique 2013 (Paris: 2014), p. 21, http://www. rte-france.com/uploads/Mediatheque_docs/vie_systeme/ annuelles/Bilan_electrique/bilan_electrique_2013.PDF; Government Offices of Sweden, op. cit. note 1; E-Control Austria, “Entwicklung der anerkannten ‘sonstigen’ Ökostromanlagen (exclusive Kleinwasskraft) von 2002–2013,” updated May 2014, http://www.e-control.at/portal/page/portal/medienbibliothek/ oeko-energie/dokumente/pdfs/Entwicklung%20anerkannter%20 %C3%96kostromanlagen%202002-2013_Tabelle_Stand%20 Mai%202014.pdf; preliminary data from IEA, Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2014, op. cit. note 1; United States from FERC, op. cit. note 1.; BRICS and individual countries from ANEEL, op. cit. note 1; CNREC, op. cit. note 1; MNRE, op. cit. note 1; Russia and South Africa from IEA, Medium- Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2013, op. cit. note 1. Geothermal power from global inventory of geothermal power plants by GEA (unpublished database), provided by Benjamin Matek, GEA, personal communication with REN21, March- May 2014; for other sources, see Endnote 5 in this section. Hydropower from sources in Endnotes 1 and 6 for this section. Ocean power from OES, Annual Report 2012 op. cit. note 1; OES, Annual Report 2013 (Lisbon: 2013), Table 6.2, http://www. ocean-energy-systems.org/documents/82577_oes_annual_ report_2013.pdf/; IEA, Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2013, op. cit. note 1, p. 179, and other sources provided in Ocean Energy section. Solar PV data for EU-28 from Gaëtan Masson, IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA-PVPS) and iCARES Consulting, personal communication with REN21, 2 May 2014; European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA), Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014–2018 (Brussels: June 2014); data for BRICS based on Brazil from IEA, Medium- Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2013, op. cit. note 1, p. 119; South Africa from EScience Associates, Urban-Econ Development Economists, and Chris Ahlfeldt, The Localisation Potential of Photovoltaics (PV) and a Strategy to Support Large Scale Roll-Out in South Africa, Integrated Report, Draft Final v1.2, prepared for the South African Department of Trade and Industry, March 2013, p. x, http://www.sapvia.co.za; for other countries and sources, see Endnote 7 in this section. CSP from sources in Endnote 8 for this section. Wind power data for EU-28 from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), Wind in Power: 2013 European Statistics (Brussels: February 2014); data for BRICS based on data for Brazil from Francine Martins Pisni, Associação Brasileira de Energia Eólica (ABEEólica), communication with REN21 via Suani Coelho, CENBIO, 29 April 2014; Russia from EWEA, op. cit. this note; South Africa from World Wind Energy Association (WWEA), World Wind Energy Report 2013 (Bonn: