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163 02 RENEWABLES 2014 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 16 Innogy Venture Capital, “Innogy Venture Capital sells its stake in Voith Hydro Ocean Current Technologies,” press release (Essen, Germany: 29 November 2013), http://www.innogy-ventures.com/ web/cms/mediablob/en/2260764/data/477104/2/innogy-venture- capital-gmbh/Innogy-Venture-Capital-sells-its-stake-in-Voith- Hydro-Ocean-Current-Technologies.pdf. 17 Voith, “Electricity from ocean energies,” http://voith.com/en/ insights/energy-transition-22419.html. 18 Alstom, op. cit. note 4. 19 Atlantis Resources, “First Day of Dealings and Admission to Trading on AIM,” 20 February 2014, http://atlantisresourcesltd. com/medianews/news/288-first-day-of-dealings-and-admission- to-trading-on-aim.html. 20 Atlantis Resources, “Atlantis Resources Secures €7.7 Million from European Commission,” 20 February 2014, http:// atlantisresourcesltd.com/medianews/news/287-atlantis- resources-secures-7-7-million-from-european-commision.html. 21 OpenHydro, “DCNS takes control of OpenHydro,” press release (Paris: 14 March 2013), http://www.openhydro.com/news/ OpenHydroPR-140313.pdf; EMEC, “Open Hydro,” http://www. emec.org.uk/about-us/our-tidal-clients/open-hydro/. 22 DCNS, “Fortum, DCNS, AW-Energy and Bretagne Region cooperate on wave power demonstration project in France,” press release (Paris: 19 September 2013), http://en.dcnsgroup. com/2013/09/19/fortum-dcns-et-aw-energy-soutenus-par- la-region-bretagne-unissent-leurs-forces-dans-un-projet-de- developpement-de-l%e2%80%99energie-des-vagues-en-france/. 23 “UPDATE 1-Hollande mobilises French industry for tidal energy push,” Reuters, 30 September 2013, http://www.reuters.com /article/2013/09/30/france-marine-energy- idUSL6N0HQ2DT20130930. 24 Andrew Williams, “GDF Suez: Tapping into 80% of French tidal power potential,” Tidal Today, 6 November 2013, http://social. tidaltoday.com/technology-engineering/gdf-suez-tapping-80- french-tidal-power-potential; DCNS, “Tidal Energy – From Marine currents to electrical current,” http://en.dcnsgroup.com/energy/ marine-renewable-energy/marine-turbine/. 25 Aquamarine Power, “Aquamarine Power secures full consent for 40MW Lewis wave energy farm,” press release (Edinburgh: 22 May 2013), http://www.aquamarinepower.com/news/aquamarine- power-secures-full-consent-for-40mw-lewis-wave-energy-farm. 26 Pelamis Wave Power, “ETI project boosts power capture of Pelamis wave device,” 23 September 2013, http://www.pelamiswave.com/news/news/145/ ETI-project-boosts-power-capture-of-Pelamis-wave-device. 27 Pelamis Wave Power, “Knowledge Transfer Partnership with the University of Dundee,” 12 July 2013, http://www.pelamiswave.com/news/news/139/ Knowledge-Transfer-Partnership-with-the-University-of-Dundee. 28 EMEC, “Vattenfall,” http://www.emec.org.uk/about-us/ wave-clients/vattenfall/. 29 Wello Ltd, “Wello’s Wave Energy Converter Producing Clean Energy,” 10 September 2013, http://www.wello.eu/news.php. 30 Wave Hub, “Seatricity secures berth at Wave Hub,” 10 December 2013, http://www.wavehub.co.uk/news/ seatricity-secures-berth-at-wave-hub/. 31 Minesto, “Minesto’s step-change marine power plant now producing electricity in Northern Ireland proving viability for huge ocean current power market,” press release (Gothenburg, Germany: 12 November 2013), http://minesto.com/Resources/ minesto-pm-in-operation-engfinal.pdf; Minesto, “Deep Green Technology,” http://minesto.com/deepgreentechnology/index. html. 32 OES, “China Turns to the Ocean in a New Quest for Power,” press release (Lisbon: May 2013), http:// www.ocean-energy-systems.org/news/ china_turns_to_the_ocean_in_a_new_quest_for_power/. 33 Ibid. 34 European Commission, “Commission sets out an action plan to support the development of blue energy,” press release (Brussels: 20 January 2014), http://europa.eu/rapid/ press-release_IP-14-36_en.htm. 35 European Commission, Maritime Affairs, “Ocean energy forum workshop – Brussels,” 4 April 2014, http://ec.europa.eu/ maritimeaffairs/policy/ocean_energy/forum/workshop-brussels/ index_en.htm. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS (PV) 1 Figures of at least 39 GW and 139 GW based on the following: at least 36.9 GW was added for a total of more than 136 GW from International Energy Agency-Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA-PVPS), PVPS Report – Snapshot of Global PV 1992–2013: Preliminary Trends Information from the IEA PVPS Programme (Brussels: March 2014), http://www.iea-pvps.org/ fileadmin/dam/public/report/statistics/PVPS_report_-_A_ Snapshot_of_Global_PV_-_1992-2013_-_final_3.pdf; 39–40 GW installed for a total of 138–140 GW, from Gaëtan Masson, IEA PVPS, and iCARES Consulting, personal communication with REN21, February–May 2014; preliminary estimates of around 38.5 GW added for a total of 138–139 GW (calculated using low early estimate for China), from European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA), Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014-2018 (Brussels: forthcoming June 2014); some 39 GW added from Frankfurt School–UNEP Collaborating Centre for Climate & Sustainable Energy Finance (FS-UNEP) and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2014 (Frankfurt: 2014). 2 Based on 2013 year-end capacity, 2.6 GW was in operation at the beginning of 2004 and 70.2 GW at the end of 2011, from EPIA, Market Report 2013 (Brussels: March 2014), http://www.epia. org/uploads/tx_epiapublications/Market_Report_2013_02.pdf; Figure 12 from idem, p. 4; from EPIA, op. cit. note 1; and from Masson, op. cit. note 1. 3 EPIA, op. cit. note 2, p. 4. 4 Ibid.; other promising markets included South Africa and Chile, from Masson, op. cit. note 1. 5 The nine countries in 2013 were China, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Romania, the United Kingdom, and the United States, from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; this was up from seven countries in 2012, including Australia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States, from IEA-PVPS, Trends 2013 in Photovoltaic Applications: Survey Report of Selected IEA Countries Between 1992 and 2012 (Brussels: 2013), http://iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/ dam/public/report/statistics/FINAL_TRENDS_v1.02.pdf. 6 IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1. 7 Germany had 436 Watts per inhabitant, Italy 294 W, Belgium 268 W, Greece 229 W, the Czech Republic 206.8 W, and Australia 144 W, per EPIA, op. cit. note 1. 8 Ibid., and from China National Energy Administration, provided by Masson, op. cit. note 1. 9 China added 12.92 GW of solar PV capacity in 2013 per China National Energy Administration, provided by Masson, op. cit. note 1. This brings the year-end total to 19.9 GW based on 7 GW in place at end-2012, from Masson, op. cit. note 1. Other estimates include: China added 11,300 MW to the grid in 2013, from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1, and from China Electricity Council (CEC), 2014 National Power Sector Report, viewed 2 March 2014, and provided by Frank Haugwitz, Asia Europe Clean Energy (Solar) Advisory Co. Ltd. (AECEA), personal communication with REN21, March 2014. Data of 11.3 GW are unverifiable and likely cover only grid-connected capacity that was commissioned in 2013, per Masson, op. cit. note 1. For year-end total, other estimates include: about 18 GW total based on data from CEC, op. cit. this note; an estimated 18.1 GW from EPIA, op. cit. note 2, p. 4, and 18.3 GW from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1. Note that the CEC seems to be omitting data below a certain kW level, which implies that they underestimate the total added and cumulative capacity, from Haugwitz, op. cit. this note. Figure 13 from data and sources provided throughout this section. 10 Frank Haugwitz, China’s Continuing Grid Curtailment Requires NEA to Strengthen its Supervision, Briefing Paper—China Solar PV Development (Beijing: AECEA, January 2014). Curtailment arose as an issue as early as 2012, per IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 5, p. 21. 11 Very large projects from Chinese Renewable Energy Industries Association (CREIA), “In 2013 the World’s Leading Solar PV Installed Da Qidi Countries,” January 2014, http://www. creia.net/news/headline/1529.html (using Google Translate); utilities are China Power Investment, China Three Gorges, and China Huadian, per James Montgomery, “China’s Dragon Awakens,” Renewable Energy World, 27 January 2014, http:// www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/01/ asia-report-the-solar-dragon-awakens; provinces are Gansu (with 24% of all 2013 installations), Xinjiang (18%), and Qinghai