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167 02 RENEWABLES 2014 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/08/28/2546291/ community-solar-income/; David Shaffer, “First Community Solar Projects Getting Launched,” Star Tribune, 19 July 2013, http://www.startribune.com/business/216093571.html; Chris Meehan, “Clean Energy Collective Digs into Solar Gardens in Massachusetts,” Renewable Energy World, 16 January 2014, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/ post/2014/01/clean-energy-collective-digs-into-solar-gardens-in- massachusetts; Christine Beadle, “Mid-Size Solar PV Installations Accounting for Over 60% of US Project Pipeline,” Solar Buzz, 24 May 2013, http://www.solarbuzz.com/resources/blog/2013/05/ mid-size-solar-pv-installations-accounting-for-over-60-of-us- project-pipeline. Carve-outs for solar gardens from Lewis, op. cit. this note, and from Shaffer, op. cit. this note. 55 Alasdair Cameron, “Tracking the Market: focus on the concentrating photovoltaic sector,” Renewable Energy World, July–August 2011, pp. 71–75; locations from Travis Bradford, Prometheus Institute, personal communication with REN21, 21 March 2012. 56 A 1.5 MW CPV plant began feeding power into Victoria, Australia’s grid in mid-2013, per “Australia Completes its Largest CPV Power Station,” CPV Intelligence Brief, 13–25 June 2013, http://news. pv-insider.com/users/ksdicks; Jason Deign, “Italy: Worth a Second Look for CPV,” PV Insider, 7 January 2013, http://news.pv-insider. com/concentrated-pv/italy-worth-second-look-cpv; California’s largest CPV plant (1.5 MW) was completed, per “Soitec Completes California’s Largest CPV Plant,” PV News, August 2013, p. 7; Chile from Soitec, “Minera El Tesoro Mining Group and Soitec Establish CPV Solar-Energy Pilot Plant for Mining Operation in Chile,” press release (Bernin, France and Santiago, Chile: 27 May 2013), http://www.soitec.com/en/news/press-releases/ minera-el-tesoro-mining-group-and-soitec-establish-cpv-solar- energy-pilot-plant-for-mining-operation-in-chile-1304/; Namibia from Soitec, “Soitec Connects Solar-Power Demonstration Plant in Namibia,” press release (Bernin, France: 10 June 2013), http:// www.soitec.com/en/news/press-releases/soitec-connects- solar-power-demonstration-plant-in-namibia-1317/; Portugal from Soitec, “Soitec Announces Financing and Construction Start of Solar Power Plant in Portugal,” press release (Bernin, France: 2 December 2013), http://www.soitec.com/en/news/ press-releases/soitec-announces-financing-and-construction- start-of-solar-power-plant-in-portugal-1391/; Saudi Arabia from Soitec, “Khaled Juffali Company and Soitec Announce Saudi Aramco Chooses Soitec’s Solar-Energy Technology,” press release (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Bernin, France: 12 June 2013, http:// www.soitec.com/en/news/press-releases/khaled-juffali-company- and-soitec-announce-saudi-aramco-chooses-soitec-s-solar- energy-technology-1320/. See also “Signs of Progress for CPV, But Momentum Needs to be Sustained,” PV Insider, 17 September 2013, http://news.pv-insider.com/users/ritesh-gupta. 57 Suncore Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd., “50 MW CPV Power Plant in Golmud, Qinghai, China,” 2013, http://www.suncorepv. com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=107; “Research and Markets: Global Concentrated Photovoltaic Cumulative Installations to Achieve More than 1 Gigawatt Capacity, by 2020,” Business Wire, 25 March 2014, http://www. businesswire.com/news/home/20140325005716/en/Research- Markets-Global-Concentrated-Photovoltaic-Cumulative- Installations. 58 Based on mid-2012 data from PV Insider, “CPV World Map 2012, June Update,” prepared for CPV USA 2012, 4th Concentrated Photovoltaic Summit USA, San Jose, CA, October 2012, http:// www.pv-insider.com/cpv/documents/CPVWorldMap2012.PDF; and on capacity added in 2013. The United States added 10 MW of CPV in 2013 for a total of at least 48 MW in operation, based on data (including only projects 1 MW and larger) from SEIA, “Major Solar Projects in the United States, Operating, Under Construction, or Under Development,” updated 6 March 2014, http://www.seia.org/sites/default/files/resources/Major%20 Solar%20Projects%20List%203.6.14.pdf; China added 60 MW for a year-end 2013 total of 70 MW, per Haugwitz, op. cit. note 9. Nearly 154 MW was in operation by early 2014 according to GlobalData, cited in James Montgomery, “CPV Update: SunPower Ramps Up in China, Soitec Achieves South Africa Milestone,” Renewable Energy World, 28 March 2014, http:// www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/03/ cpv-update-sunpower-ramps-up-in-china-soitec-achieves-south- africa-milestone?cmpid=SolarNL-Saturday-March29-2014; 357.9 MW was in operation in 2014, per “Research and Markets…,” op. cit. note 57. 59 Italy and Greece (about 5.8%), from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; Germany from AGEE-Stat, op. cit. note 29, p. 2. Examples of daily peaks include: in the U.S. state of California, for example, solar power (both solar PV and concentrating solar thermal) met 18% of the state’s 22,700 MW demand on 8 March 2014, per “California Electric Grid Sets Solar Generation Record,” Reuters, 10 March 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/10/utilities- california-solar-idUSL2N0M724F20140310; Thomas Gerke, “Sunday, Solar Sunday—Germany’s July 7 Solar Power Record In-Depth,” Clean Technica, 12 July 2013, http://cleantechnica. com/2013/07/12/sunday-solar-sunday-germany-solar-power- record-in-depth/; Ian Clover, “Solar Power Saves the Day During Australia’s Record Heatwave,” PV Magazine, 17 January 2014, http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/solar-power- saves-the-day-during-australias-record-heatwave_100013970/. 60 Figure of 3% of total consumption and 6% of peak demand, from EPIA, op. cit. note 2, p. 5, and from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; 0.3% in 2008 from Gaëtan Masson, “Editorial: 2013, A Qualified Record-year for Photovoltaics,” EPIA, March 2014, http://www. epia.org/news/news/?page=1#news-278. At least 160 TWh is based on capacity in operation at the end of 2013, from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; this is up from an estimated 110 TWh with capacity installed at the end of 2012, from EPIA, op. cit. note 1, pp. 13, 44. At least 15 countries had enough PV to produce at least 1% of their electricity demand by year’s end, from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1. 61 Ehren Goossens, “Solar Rebound Beating Dot-Com Recovery as Demand Surges,” Bloomberg, 31 October 2013, http://www. bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-31/solar-rebound-beating-dot- com-recovery-as-demand-surges.html. 62 Paula Mints, “Object Lesson: Europe’s Solar Energy Market,” Renewable Energy World, 16 September 2013, http://www. renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/09/ object-lesson-europes-solar-energy-market. 63 Goossens, “Solar Rebound Beating …,” op. cit. note 61. 64 BNEF, “US Unlocks USD 15BN Financing Door for Alternative Vehicles,” Energy: Week in Review, 27 August–2 September 2013. 65 Paula Mints, “The Aggressive Solar Pricing U-Turn That Was Impossible to Make,” Renewable Energy World, 14 October 2013, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/ article/2013/10/the-aggressive-solar-pricing-u-turn-that-was- impossible-to-make; Masson, op. cit. note 1. 66 See, for example: Doug Young, “New Litigation Trips Up Suntech, Trina, Yingli,” Young’s China Business Blog, 14 October 2013, http://www.youngchinabiz.com/en/new- litigation-trips-up-suntech-trina-yingli/; James Montgomery, “Update: EU-China Solar Trade War Entering Endgame?” Renewable Energy World, 9 May 2013, http://www. renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/05/ eu-china-solar-trade-war-entering-endgame?cmpid=WNL- Friday-May10-2013; Xiaolu Wang and Marlies Huijbers, “Is a Chinese Sun Powering Western Solar Energy Economies?” Renewable Energy World, 28 February 2014, http://www. renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/02/ is-a-chinese-sun-powering-western-solar-energy-economies. 67 Module prices and robust demand from GTM Research, PV Pulse, April 2014. Module prices stabilised per Masson, op. cit. note 1. Note that module prices fell 70% in two years, from “PV Technology and Cost Outlook, 2013-2017,” PV News, August 2013, p. 16. 68 Rapid learning and low materials costs from Paula Mints, “The Return of the Badly Rhyming 12 Days of Solar Christmas,” Renewable Energy World, 24 December 2013, http://www. renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/12/the-return- of-the-badly-rhyming-12-days-of-solar-christmas; manufacturing cost reductions and improved manufacturing processes from Giles Parkinson, “SunPower Continues to Drive Down the Cost Curve,” Green Tech Media, 21 February 2014, http://www. greentechmedia.com/articles/read/SunPower-Continues-To- Drive-Down-the-Cost-Curve; faster than targeted and Chinese producers from “PV Technology and Cost Outlook, 2013-2017,” PV News, August 2013, p. 16. However, the rate of decline in cost per watt for traditional module manufacturers has slowed, per Deutsche Bank Markets Research, “2014 Outlook: Let the Second Gold Rush Begin,” Industry Update, 6 January 2014, p. 25. 69 Masson, op. cit. note 1. In the United States, the price of rooftop systems 10 kW or smaller fell 37%, but over 80% of the cost reduction was attributable to falling module costs, per Galen Barbose et al., Tracking the Sun VI, An Historical Summary of the