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134 REFERENCE TABLES URBAN PLANNING Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. ”Sustainable Glasglow” aims for a 30% reduction in CO2 by 2020 (baseline 2006) and breaks down emission reduction targets as follows: CHP/ district heating 9%; biomass 2%; biogas and waste 6%; other renewable energy 3%; transport 3%; fuel switching 3%; and energy management systems 6%. The plan requires all new buildings to source their heating from the district heating system or propose a lower-carbon alternative; 76 GWh of annual wind generation; and fiscal incentives for low-carbon transport such as biogas-powered vehicles or EVs. Hong Kong, China Hong Kong's strategy to become China's "greenest region" includes limiting the contribution of coal to <10% of the electricity generation mix by 2020; phasing out existing coal plants by 2020–30; investing in construction/operation of district cooling infrastructure using seawater; meeting the power demand of 100,000 households using biogas from landfills and sewage water treatment by 2020; installing SWH on all government buildings and swimming pools; installing wind turbines to meet 1–2% of total electricity demand by 2020; achieving E10 and B10 by 2020; and raising awareness by demonstrating solar PV arrays on government buildings, developing a website to provide information on renewable energy technologies suitable for local use, and providing news/ events, educational resources, and information on suppliers of renewable energy equipment. Malmö, Sweden “Climate Neutral by 2020” outlines a plan to transform the energy mix to mainly solar, wind, hydro, and biogas. The city also targets a 20% decrease in per capita energy consumption by 2020 (baseline: average annual use during 2001–05). Key strategies include expansion of district heating and cooling; development of 100% renewable energy districts; replacement of older vehicles with a 100% “green fleet”; and deployment of EV infrastructure. Seoul, South Korea By 2030, the city targets 20% of total energy from renewables; 20% reduction in energy consumption; 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (base 1990); and 1 million new green jobs by promoting 10 major green technologies suitable for the city, including solar PV, waste-heat recovery, and green buildings. To foster a domestic market, Seoul is providing seed funding, capital loans, and trust guarantees to small and medium-sized businesses; a USD 100 million investment (USD 20,000 per technology/year) in R&D by 2030; and support for overseas marketing. Sydney, Australia The “Decentralised Energy Master Plan 2030” outlines how the city can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and take a holistic approach to planning. The vision targets a 70% reduction in emissions (base 2006) and a 100% renewable share of electricity, heating, and cooling by 2030. The planned technology mix is 30% solar and wind power plus 70% tri-generation of power and thermal energy from waste recovery. Tri-generation using 360 MW electricity biogas plants will power 15 “low-carbon zones” by 2030; a decentralised generation and distribution network will be developed to deliver power/heat/cooling using natural gas and biogas; and 11 “energy-plus” buildings will be constructed in central park. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada “Greenest City 2020,” an action plan to achieve goals of zero carbon, zero waste, and healthy ecosystems by 2020, consists of 10 smaller plans, each with a long-term goal and 2020 targets. These include a requirement for all new buildings to be carbon-neutral from 2020 onwards; financial incentives for the installation of SWH; EV charging stations in buildings; a district energy strategy; and a target to double the number of green jobs by 2020 (base 2010). Yokohama, Japan The ”Yokohama Energy Vision” targets greenhouse gas emissions reductions of more than 30% per person by 2020, and more than 80% by 2050 (base 1990), through green buildings and the use of: EVs; power from solar PV, wind, solid biomass, and biogas; and SWH. It includes mid-term targets of 1,300 EVs in operation; 4,000 smart meters installed; 4,400 solar PV systems deployed; subsidies for SWH installations and EV purchases; provision of low-interest loans for renewables and energy efficiency; and a pilot demonstration ”Yokohama Smart City Project.” TABLE R19. CITY AND LOCAL RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICIES: SELECTED EXAMPLES (continued) Source: See Endnote 19 for this section.