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ePaper created 2014-06-03, 15:03:20 | version 1.30.01
44 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS Figure 10. Hydropower Global Capacity, Shares of Top Six Countries, 2013 China 26% Brazil 8.6% India 4.4% Rest of the World 41% United States 7.8% Canada 7.6% Russia 4.7% Figure 11. Hydropower Capacity and Additions, Top Six Countries for Capacity Added, 2013 Turkey Brazil Vietnam India Russia Gigawatts Gigawatts 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 China +29 +2.9 +1.5 +1.3 +0.8 +0.7 Added in 2013 2012 total Additions are net of repowering and retirements. HYDROPOWER Additions are net of repowering and retirements. Globalcapacityreaches 1,000GW Figure 10. Hydropower Global Capacity, Shares of Top Six Countries, 2013 Figure 11. Hydropower Capacity and Additions, Top Six Countries for Capacity Added, 2013 announcement that construction of the Inga 3 project (4.8 GW) on the Congo River would begin by late 2015.29 This project is the long-anticipated next step towards what might become the largest hydropower complex in the world, at about 40 GW.30 Pumped storage capacity expanded during 2013 in China and Europe. China added 1.2 GW of pure pumped storage capacity for a total of 21.5 GW.31 In addition, the last phase of Spain’s La Muela pumped storage complex was inaugurated, counting 2 GW of capacity at year’s end.32 La Muela was conceived as part of a backbone for Spain’s extensive variable renewable power capacity.33 It has been argued that further expansion of storage capacity, which is considered increasingly important as shares of variable wind and solar power rise, will require that markets place greater monetary value on facilities that provide storage and ancillary services.34 Variable resources have helped to moderate peak system loads and thus peak power prices, but in doing so, they may also have upset the traditional business model for pumped storage. Subsequently, power markets may need to evolve to reflect these changing circumstances.35 Looking ahead, plans for future hydro pumped storage projects in Europe are said to be hampered by onerous market conditions such as two-way transmission fees (for both generation and pumping).36 On the other hand, Germany appears to have addressed such concerns to some extent and has expanded Source: See Endnote 3 for this section. Source: See Endnote 5 for this section.