Snapshot.UNITED STATES Diversity and Equity in the Offshore Wind Power Workforce A number of new collective bargaining agreements between contractors and unions – known as project labour agreements (PLAs) – related to renewables have been adopted by key actors in the US offshore wind power industry. In 2022, Ørsted, one of the world's largest offshore wind energy developers, entered into a National Offshore Wind Agreement with US building trades unions, in part to diversify the company's renewable energy workforce and to incorporate social and equity considerations into its work and hiring. The agreement sets a standard for wages, local training programmes, and workplace health and safety. In addition, Work Equity Committees are established for each project to prioritise hiring women, people of colour, local environmental justice communities and gender non-conforming people. Read more Collapse Diversity and Equity in the Offshore Wind Power Workforce A number of new collective bargaining agreements between contractors and unions – known as project labour agreements (PLAs) – related to renewables have been adopted by key actors in the US offshore wind power industry. In 2022, Ørsted, one of the world's largest offshore wind energy developers, entered into a National Offshore Wind Agreement with US building trades unions, in part to diversify the company's renewable energy workforce and to incorporate social and equity considerations into its work and hiring. The agreement sets a standard for wages, local training programmes, and workplace health and safety. In addition, Work Equity Committees are established for each project to prioritise hiring women, people of colour, local environmental justice communities and gender non-conforming people. Other companies that have entered into or are negotiating PLAs include Dominion Energy, Vineyard Wind and Mayflower Wind. Vineyard Wind´s PLA includes hiring targets for women and people of colour, while Mayflower Wind is committed to hiring a diverse workforce and paying prevailing wages. Source: See endnote 36 for this module. S. Borbonus, “Generating Socio-Economic Values from Renewable Energies: An Overview of Questions and Assessment Methods”, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies Potsdam, 2017, https://doi.org/10.2312/iass.2017.016. 1 Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), “A Sure Path to Renewable Energy: Maximizing Socioeconomic Benefits Triggered by Renewables”, World Bank, 2022, https://esmap.org/sites/default/files/esmap-files/Maximizing%20Socioeconomic%20Benefits%20Triggered%20by%20Renewables_Nov16-22.pdf; Borbonus, op. cit. note 1.2 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), “Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review 2022”, 2022, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Sep/IRENA_Renewable_energy_and_jobs_2022.pdf. 3 Borbonus, op. cit. note 1.4 Ibid.5 World Health Organization (WHO), “Energizing Health: Accelerating Electricity Access in Health-care Facilities”, 2023, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240066960. Snapshot: Tanzania from the following sources: WHO, idem; Shine, “Celebrating the Success of Small Grants”, https://theshinecampaign.org/celebrating-the-success-of-small-grants-lessons-from-two-organizations, accessed April 2023; Daily News, “How Solar Power Improves Health Services in Off-grid Rural Areas”, April 3, 2023, https://dailynews.co.tz/how-solar-power-improves-health-services-in-off-grid-rural-areas; World Bank, “Changing Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania, One Electricity Connection at a Time”, June 28, 2022, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/06/28/changing-lives-and-livelihoods-in-tanzania-one-electricity-connection-at-a-time.6 Global Women Energy Network, “Powering a Gender-Just Energy Transition”, 2023, https://www.globalwomennet.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/FINAL_230315_GGKP_Gender_Report13_0.pdf.7 GOGLA, “Off-grid Solar Market Trends Report 2022”, World Bank, 2022, https://www.esmap.org/Off-Grid_Solar_Market_Trends_Report_2022. 8 REN21 Policy Database, see GSR 2023 Data Pack, Reference Tables R1-5, https://www.ren21.net/gsr2023-data-pack/esvc.9 B. Boardman et al., “Energy, Poverty, and Development”, in International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Global Energy Assessment, 2012, https://previous.iiasa.ac.at/web/home/research/Flagship-Projects/Global-Energy-Assessment/GEA_Chapter2_development_hires.pdf; International Energy Agency (IEA) et al., “Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report”, World Bank, 2022, https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/sdg7-report2022-full_report.pdf.10 Bluegreen Alliance, “9 Million Jobs from Climate Action: The Inflation Reduction Act”, 2022, https://www.bluegreenalliance.org/site/9-million-good-jobs-from-climate-action-the-inflation-reduction-act. 11 The White House, “Fact Sheet: The Inflation Reduction Act Supports Workers and Families”, 2022, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/19/fact-sheet-the-inflation-reduction-act-supports-workers-and-families.12 Clean Energy Canada, “The New Reality”, 2021, https://cleanenergycanada.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Report_CEC_CleanJobs2021.pdf. 13 N. Ford, “Solar Skills Shortage Threatens EU Targets”, Reuters, February 16, 2023, https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/solar-skills-shortage-threatens-eu-targets-2023-02-16. 14 European Commission, “Pact for Skills: Launch of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Skills Partnership”, 2023, https://energy.ec.europa.eu/news/pact-skills-launch-large-scale-renewable-energy-skills-partnership-2023-03-21_en. 15 M. Merdekawati et al., “Job Creation Towards Achieving the Regional Renewable Energy Target”, 2022, https://aseanenergy.sharepoint.com/PublicationLibrary/Forms/AllItems.aspx?id=%2FPublicationLibrary%2F2022%2FPublication%202022%2FPB%2006%202022%2Epdf&parent=%2FPublicationLibrary%2F2022%2FPublication%202022&p=true&ga=1. 16 A. Tyagi et al., “India´s Expanding Clean Energy Workforce”, Natural Resources Defense Council, 2022, https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/indias-clean-energy-workforce-450-gw-target-report.pdf. 17 Malabo Montpellier Panel, “Policy Innovations to Power the Transformation of Africa's Agriculture and Food System”, 2019, https://www.mamopanel.org/media/uploads/files/ENERGIZED_Report.pdf. 18 A. Nnamani, “Nigeria's Solar Power Project to Create 250,000 Jobs, Electrify 5 Million Homes by 2023 – Osibanjo”, The Sun, October 7, 2021, https://sunnewsonline.com/nigerias-solar-power-project-to-create-250000-jobs-electrify-5-million-homes-by-2023-osibanjo. 19 Ford, op. cit. note 14. 20 Ibid. 21 World Resources Institute, “Spain's National Strategy to Transition Coal-Dependent Communities”, December 23, 2021, https://www.wri.org/update/spains-national-strategy-transition-coal-dependent-communities. 22 World Resources Institute, “Scotland: Re-skilling through the Oil and Gas Transition Training Fund”, 2021, https://www.wri.org/update/scotland-re-skilling-through-oil-and-gas-transition-training-fund23 World Resources Institute, “Czech Republic: The RE:START Strategy to Coordinate Three Regions' Energy and Economic Transitions”, 2021, https://www.wri.org/update/czech-republic-restart-strategy-coordinate-three-regions-energy-and-economic-transitions. 24 IEA, “Skills Development and Inclusivity for Clean Energy Transitions”, 2022, https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/953c5393-2c5b-4746-bf8e-016332380221/Skillsdevelopmentandinclusivityforcleanenergytransitions.pdf. 25 Prime Minister of Australia, “National Net Zero Authority”, May 5, 2023, https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-net-zero-authority. 26 IRENA, “World Energy Transitions Outlook 2022”, 2022, https://www.irena.org/Digital-Report/World-Energy-Transitions-Outlook-2022; IRENA, “Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review 2021”, 2021, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_823807.pdf. 27 IEA, op. cit. note 25. 28 Ibid. 29 Government of Canada, “Green Jobs in Natural Resources”, 2013, https://natural-resources.canada.ca/climate-change/canadas-green-future/green-jobs/87.30 European Commission, “A Green Deal Industrial Plan for the Net-Zero Age”, 2023, https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2023-02/COM_2023_62_2_EN_ACT_A%20Green%20Deal%20Industrial%20Plan%20for%20the%20Net-Zero%20Age.pdf; UK Government, “Offshore Wind Sector Deal”, 2020, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/offshore-wind-sector-deal/offshore-wind-sector-deal; A. Roy, “Empower Women to Achieve Just Energy Transition”, Observer Research Foundation, 2022, https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/empower-women-to-achieve-just-energy-transition. 31 E. Cecelski and S. Oparaocha, “The Lack of Gender Targets for Clean Energy Is Harming Women and Girls”, SDG Action, 2023, https://sdg-action.org/the-lack-of-gender-targets-for-clean-energy-is-harming-women-and-girls. 32 Ibid. 33 IEA, op. cit. note 25. 34 Ibid. 35 Ibid. Snapshot: United States from the following sources: IRENA, op. cit. note 3; Ørsted, “North America's Building Trades Unions and Ørsted Agree to Build an American Offshore Wind Energy Industry with American Lab”, May 5, 2022, https://us.orsted.com/news-archive/2022/05/national-offshore-wind-agreement; P. Smith and S. Lee, “Unions Jockey for Offshore Wind Leasing Wins in Hostile States”, Bloomberg Law, July 12, 2022, https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/unions-vie-to-get-in-on-ground-floor-of-offshore-wind-industry; N. Groom, “Vineyard Wind Strikes Labor Union Pact for U.S. Offshore Wind Farm”, Reuters, July 16, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/vineyard-wind-strikes-labor-union-pact-us-offshore-wind-farm-2021-07-16; H. McCarron, “Mayflower Wind, Labor Unions Sign Pact for Offshore Wind Jobs”, May 10, 2023, https://eu.capecodtimes.com/story/news/2022/10/06/mayflower-wind-labor-unions-sign-pact-off-shore-wind-jobs/8169753001.36 IRENA, op. cit. note 3. 37 IEA, “Gender and Energy Data Explorer”, 2022, https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/gender-and-energy-data-explorer?Topic=Employment&Indicator=Gender+wage+gap+conditional+on+skills; Cecelski and Oparaocha, op. cit. note 32. 38 REN21 Policy Database, see GSR 2023 Data Pack, Reference Table R3, https://www.ren21.net/gsr2023-data-pack/esvc.39 Ibid.40 US Department of Energy, “$82 Million Investment to Increase US Solar Manufacturing and Recycling”, CleanTechnica, April 24, 2023, https://cleantechnica.com/2023/04/24/82-million-investment-to-increase-u-s-solar-manufacturing-recycling.41 N. Groom, "US to Expand Solar Panel Tariffs After Probe Finds Chinese Evasion”, Reuters, December 2, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/us-says-solar-imports-four-southeast-asian-countries-were-dodging-china-tariffs-2022-12-02; D. Iaconangelo, “How US Crackdown on China's Human Rights Record Hits Solar”, Energy Wire, March 18, 2022, https://www.eenews.net/articles/how-u-s-crackdown-on-chinas-human-rights-record-hits-solar.42 D. Carroll, “Australia to Earmark $10 Billion Fund to Support Clean Energy Manufacturing”, pv magazine, March 31, 2023, https://www.pv-magazine.com/2023/03/31/australia-to-earmark-10-billion-fund-to-support-clean-energy-manufacturing.43 International Trade Administration, “Brazil – Country Commercial Guide”, March 27, 2023, https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/brazil-energy.44 IRENA, “The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan – Renewables Readiness Assessment”, 2021, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Feb/IRENA_RRA_Jordan_2021.pdf. 45 JMK Research and Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, “India's Photovoltaic Manufacturing Capacity Set to Surge”, 2023, https://jmkresearch.com/renewable-sector-published-reports/indias-photovoltaic-manufacturing-capacity-set-to-surge. 46 V. Srivastava, “Cabinet Approves Second Tranche of Rs 19,500 Crore Solar PLI Scheme”, BQ Prime, September 1, 2022, https://www.bqprime.com/business/cabinet-approves-second-tranche-of-rs-19500-crore-solar-pli-scheme; Shri R.K. Singh, Union Power and NRE Minister, “A Number of Steps Taken to Make India Self-reliant in Solar PV Module Manufacturing as Well as Their Exports”, Press Information Bureau, Government of India, March 21, 2023, https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1909269.47 D. Omondi, “Power Companies Operating Mini-grids to Get Tax Refunds”, The Standard, January 14, 2022, https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/news/article/2001434330/power-companies-operating-mini-grids-to-get-tax-refunds.48 North Africa Post, “Zimbabwe Bans Raw Lithium Exports as Demand, Prices Soar”, December 28, 2022, https://northafricapost.com/63912-zimbabwe-bans-raw-lithium-exports-as-demand-prices-soar.html; H. Muhammad, “Zimbabwe, DR Congo Ban Lithium, Cobalt Exports – How It Impacts Battery, EV Industry in Indonesia?” February 14, 2023, https://indonesiabusinesspost.com/world/zimbabwe-dr-congo-ban-lithium-cobalt-exports-how-it-impacts-battery-ev-industry-in-indonesia; Q. Zhou, “Indonesia to Ban Bauxite Export from June 2023: An Explainer”, ASEAN Briefing, 2022, https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesia-to-ban-bauxite-export-from-june-2023. 49 The Business Standard, “China Bans Core Solar Panel Technologies' Export”, February 1, 2023, https://www.tbsnews.net/world/global-economy/china-bans-core-solar-panel-technologies-export-577842. 50 BloombergNEF, “Energy Transition Investment Trends”, January 2023, https://about.bnef.com/energy-transition-investment.51 GOGLA, op. cit. note 8; IRENA, “Renewable Capacity Statistics 2023”, 2023, https://www.irena.org/Publications/2023/Mar/ Renewable-capacity-statistics-2023.52 L. Cozzi et al., ”For the First Time in Decades, the Number of People Without Access to Electricity Is Set to Increase in 2022”, IEA, November 3, 2022, https://www.iea.org/commentaries/for-the-first-time-in-decades-the-number-of-people-without-access-to-electricity-is-set-to-increase-in-2022. 53 IEA, “World Energy Outlook 2022”, 2022, https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/830fe099-5530-48f2- a7c1-11f35d510983/WorldEnergyOutlook2022.pdf.54 IEA et al., op. cit. note 10; IEA, op. cit. note 54. Figure 1 from REN21, Policy Database, see GSR 2023 Data Pack, Reference Table R1, https://www.ren21.net/gsr2023-data-pack/esvc.55 IEA, op. cit. note 54.56 IRENA and African Development Bank, “Renewable Energy Market Analysis: Africa and Its Regions”, 2022, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Jan/IRENA_Market_Africa_2022.pdf.57 GOGLA, op. cit. note 8.58 IRENA, “Renewable Energy Targets in 2022: A Guide to Design”, 2022, https://mc-cd8320d4-36a1-40ac-83cc-3389-cdn-endpoint.azureedge.net/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Nov/IRENA_RE_targets_2022.pdf.59 REN21, op. cit. note 55.60 IEA et al., op. cit. note 10.61 Ibid.62 Ibid.63 Government of India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, “Office Memorandum: Framework for Promotion of Decentralised Renewable Energy Livelihood Applications”, 2022, https://mnre.gov.in/img/documents/uploads/file_f-1644909209115.pdf.64 Ibid.65 Ibid.66 Sustainable Energy for All, “Chilling Prospects 2022: The Role of National Cooling Action Plans in Delivering the Global Environment Agenda”, 2022, https://www.seforall.org/data-stories/role-of-national-cooling-action-plans. 67 REN21, op. cit. note 55.68 Ibid.69 Ibid.70 IEA, op. cit. note 54.71 Snapshot: Haiti from the following sources: EarthSpark International, “Clean, Reliable, Grid Electricity Is Possible! Solar Powered Microgrids, Community-Led Development, and Feminist Electrification”, http://www.earthsparkinternational.org/microgrid-electricity-in-haiti.html, accessed May 14, 2023; G. Peggram, “EarthSpark; Powering Resilience in Haiti”, Mobile for Development, April 22, 2022, https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/blog/earthspark-powering-resilience-in-haiti; US Trade and Development Agency, “Expanding Rural Electricity Access in Haiti”, March 5, 2021, https://ustda.gov/success_story/expanding-rural-electricity-access-in-haiti; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, “Feminist Electrification: Ensuring Pro-Women Outcomes in Rural Energy Access | Haiti”, 2018, https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for-change/women-for-results/feminist-electrification; B. Neal and J. Mendelson, “Making Electricity More Accessible in Haiti”, Inkstick, June 10, 2022, https://inkstickmedia.com/making-electricity-more-accessible-in-haiti; A. Tisa, “Solving Energy Poverty in Haiti, EarthSpark Bridges Funding with Truss”, Miller Center for Social Entrepreneurship, July 8, 2022, https://www.millersocent.org/earthspark-solving-energy-poverty-in-haiti-bridges-funding-with-truss; World Bank, “Open Data”, https://data.worldbank.org, accessed May 14, 2023.72 Clean Cooking Alliance, “Women and Clean Cooking”, https://cleancooking.org/the-issues/women-and-clean-cooking, accessed June 2, 2023.73 Cecelski and Oparaocha, op. cit. note 32. 74 B. Khavari et al., “A Geospatial Approach to Understanding Clean Cooking Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Nature Sustainability, Vol. 6 (2023), pp. 447-457, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-01039-8. 75 United Nations Commission on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), “Commodities at a Glance: Special Issue on Access to Energy in Sub-Saharan Africa”, 2023, https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditccom2023d1_en.pdf. 76 Cecelski and Oparaocha, op. cit. note 32. 77 IEA, “It's Time to Make Clean Energy Investment in Emerging and Developing Economies a Top Global Priority”, June 9, 2021, https://www.iea.org/news/it-s-time-to-make-clean-energy-investment-in-emerging-and-developing-economies-a-top-global-priority.78 Ibid.79 J. St. John, “Manufacturing vs. Deployment: The Clean Energy Tax-credit Conundrum”, Canary Media, June 7, 2023, https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-energy-manufacturing/manufacturing-vs-deployment-the-clean-energy-tax-credit-conundrum. 80 Ibid.81 IEA, “The State of Clean Technology Manufacturing”, 2023, https://www.iea.org/reports/the-state-of-clean-technology-manufacturing.82 J. Touriño Jacobo, “New Initiative Aims to Scale Up Renewable Energy Manufacturing in Africa”, PV Tech, January 23, 2023, https://www.pv-tech.org/new-initiative-aims-to-scale-up-renewable-energy-manufacturing-in-africa.83 The Brief, “Namibia Set for N$9bn Renewables Funding from European Investment Bank”, November 8, 2022, https://thebrief.com.na/index.php/component/k2/item/2008-namibia-set-for-n-9bn-renewables-funding-from-european-investment-bank.84 IEA, op. cit. note 82.85 Ibid.86 Ibid.87 IRENA, “Off-grid Renewable Energy Solutions to Expand Electricity Access: An Opportunity Not to Be Missed”, 2019, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Jan/IRENA_Off-grid_RE_Access_2019.pdf.88 GOGLA, op. cit. note 8. 89 Ibid.90 IEA, op. cit. note 54; ESMAP, “Mini-grids for Half a Billion People”, September 27, 2022, https://www.esmap.org/mini_grids_for_half_a_billion_people_the_report. 91 IRENA, “Global Landscape of Renewable Energy Finance 2023”, 2023, https://www.irena.org/Publications/2023/Feb/Global-landscape-of-renewable-energy-finance-2023.92 L. Fortes and D. Corbyn, “Off-grid Solar Investment Boomed in 2022 but the Sun Did Not Shine on All Companies Equally”, GOGLA, April 5, 2023, https://www.gogla.org/about-us/blogs/off-grid-solar-investment-boomed-in-2022-but-the-sun-did-not-shine-on-all-companies.93 Ibid.94 Ibid.95 Ibid. 96 Green Climate Fund, “Energy Generation and Access”, https://www.greenclimate.fund/results/energy-generation-access, accessed April 8, 2023.97 World Bank, “World Bank Group Announces Major Initiative to Electrify Sub-Saharan Africa with Distributed Renewable Energy”, November 9, 2023, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/11/09/world-bank-group-announces-major-initiative-to-electrify-sub-saharan-africa-with-distributed-renewable-energy.98 Ibid.99 Fortes and Corbyn, op. cit. note 93.100 World Bank, “Window 5 Operations Manual, Development Bank of Rwanda”, 2023, https://www.brd.rw/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/REF_Window_5_Operations_Manual.pdf.101 IRENA, “Innovation Landscape for a Renewable-powered Future”, 2019, https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Feb/Innovation-landscape-for-a-renewable-powered-future. Snapshot: Germany from the following sources: ABO Wind, “Renewables and Tourism”, https://www.abo-wind.com/uk/community/renewables-tourism.html, accessed April 10, 2023; M. Biben, “Zapadlý kout Německa bohatne z větru a slunce. Elektřiny vyrobí trojnásobek spotřeby a topí odpad”, Hospodářské noviny, November 14, 2022, https://archiv.hn.cz/c1-67131440-zapadly-kout-nemecka-bohatne-z-vetru-a-slunce-elektriny-vyrobi-trojnasobek-spotreby-a-topi-odpady.102 M-KOPA, “Products”, November 14, 2020, https://m-kopa.com/products.103 Sun King, “Powering Access to Brighter Lives”, https://sunking.com, accessed June 16, 2023.104 ZOLA Electric, “Power Anywhere”, https://zolaelectric.com, accessed June 16, 2023.105 d.light, “Solar Home Systems Outdoor & Solar Lanterns”, https://www.dlight.com, accessed June 16, 2023.106 IEA, “The Role of Local Energy Communities in Clean Energy Transitions”, 2023, https://www.iea.org/events/the-role-of-local-energy-communities-in-clean-energy-transitions.107 Australian Government, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, “Powering Australia”, May 16, 2023, https://www.energy.gov.au/government-priorities/australias-energy-strategies-and-frameworks/powering-australia.108 U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Biden-Harris Administration Makes Historic, $11 Billion Investment to Advance Clean Energy Across Rural America Through Investing in America Agenda”, https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2023/05/16/biden-harris-administration-makes-historic-11-billion-investment.109 Institute for Local Self-Reliance, “Californiaʻs Community Solar Program”, 2023, https://ilsr.org/californias-community-solar-program.110 REN21 Policy Database, see GSR 2023 Data Pack, Reference Table R5, https://www.ren21.net/gsr2023-data-pack/esvc.111 U.S. Department of Energy, “National Community Solar Partnership Targets”, https://www.energy.gov/communitysolar/national-community-solar-partnership-targets accessed June 2, 2023.112 IRENA, op. cit. note 3.113 Ibid.114 Ibid.115 Ibid.116 Ibid.117 Ibid.118 Figure 3 from Ibid.119 Ibid.120 Ibid.121 Ibid.122 Ibid.123 Ibid.124 IRENA, “Solar PV Energy: A Gender Perspective”, 2022, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Sep/IRENA_Solar_PV_Gender_perspective_2022.pdf?rev=61477241eb9e4db2932757698c554dc2. 125 Ibid.; Cecelski and Oparaocha, op. cit. note 32. 126 Power for All, “Powering Jobs Census 2022: The Energy Access Workforce”, 2022, https://www.powerforall.org/resources/reports/renewable-energy-jobs-sub-saharan-africa-and-india-2022-power-all. 127 Ibid. 128 Power for All, “Powering Jobs Census 2022: Focus on Nigeria”, 2022, https://www.powerforall.org/resources/reports/powering-jobs-census-2022-focus-nigeria; Power for All, op. cit. note 127.129 IEA, op. cit. note 82. 130 Ibid.131 Ibid.132 Ibid.133 Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis and JMK Research, “India's Photovoltaic Manufacturing Capacity Set to Surge”, JMK Research, 2023, https://jmkresearch.com/renewable-sector-published-reports/indias-photovoltaic-manufacturing-capacity-set-to-surge.134 V. Thompson, “Maxeon's PV Module Capacity Hits 2.5 GW in Mexico”, June 27, 2023, https://www.pv-magazine.com/2023/06/27/maxeons-pv-module-capacity-hits-2-5-gw-in-mexico.135 S. Enkhardt, “Germany Seeking Proposals for 10 GW of Solar Factories”, pv magazine, June 26, 2023, https://www.pv-magazine.com/2023/06/26/germany-seeking-proposals-for-10-gw-of-solar-factories.136 IEA, op. cit. note 82. 137 Ibid.138 K. Willsher, “France Opens First Electric Vehicle Battery Gigafactory”, The Guardian (UK), May 30, 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/may/30/france-opens-first-electric-vehicle-battery-gigafactory.139 Ibid.140 M. Gallucci, “US Wind Manufacturing Makes a Comeback Thanks to Inflation Reduction Act”, pv magazine, June 5, 2023, https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-energy-manufacturing/us-wind-manufacturing-makes-a-comeback-thanks-to-inflation-reduction-act.141 Ibid.142 IEA, op. cit. note 82.143 Based on IEA, op. cit. note 54.144 Ibid.145 Ibid.146 Ibid.147 Ibid.148 REN21, op. cit. note 55. 149 IRENA, “Renewable Capacity Statistics 2023”, 2023, https://www.irena.org/Publications/2023/Mar/Renewable-capacity-statistics-2023.150 Ibid.151 IRENA and SELCO Foundation, “Fostering Livelihoods with Decentralised Renewable Energy: An Ecosystems Approach”, 2022, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Jan/IRENA_Livelihood_Decentralised_Renewables_2022.pdf.152 IRENA, “Off-grid Renewable Energy Statistics 2022”, 2022, https://www.irena.org/Publications/2022/Dec/Off-grid-renewable-energy-statistics-2022.153 ESMAP, op. cit. note 91. Snapshot: Africa based on the following sources: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), “Africa Minigrids Program”, 2022, https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2022-09/AMP-brochure-july-22-EN_0.pdf; UNDP, “Somalia Launches Ambitious Solar Minigrids Program to Increase Energy Access”, 2023, https://www.undp.org/energy/press-releases/somalia-launches-ambitious-solar-minigrids-program-increase-energy-access; UNDP, “Africa Minigrids Program”, 2022, https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2022-09/AMP-brochure-july-22-EN_0.pdf.154 ESMAP, op. cit. note 91.155 Ibid.156 Ibid.157 Ibid.158 Ibid.159 Ibid.160 Based on IEA, op. cit. note 54. 161 GOGLA, op. cit. note 58.162 Ibid. 163 Ibid. 164 Based on IEA, op. cit. note 54.165 Based on IEA, “Africa Energy Outlook 2022”, https://www.iea.org/reports/africa-energy-outlook-2022. 166 Based on IEA, “World Energy Outlook 2021”, https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2021. 167 Energy Planets, “Clean Cooking Hits Record $200m Investment in 2022”, March 17, 2023, https://www.energyplanets.org/clean-cooking-hits-record-200m-investment-in-2022.168 Clean Cooking Alliance, “2022 Clean Cooking Industry Snapshot”, 2023, https://cleancooking.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/CCA-2022-Clean-Cooking-Industry-Snapshot.pdf.169 Ibid.170 Ibid.171 Clean Cooking Alliance, “Clean Cooking Alliance Adds Five Companies to its Venture Catalyst Program”, May 2022, https://cleancooking.org/news/clean-cooking-alliance-adds-five-companies-to-its-venture-catalyst-program.172 NEFCO, “Modern Clean Cooking Facility for Africa”, https://www.nefco.int/call-for-proposals-for-modern-cooking-facility-for-africa, accessed May 2023.173 Modern Cooking Facility for Africa, “What's the Future of Clean Cooking? Driving Sustainable Fuels and Innovative Business Models”, May 18, 2022, https://www.moderncooking.africa/2022/05/18/future-clean-cooking-sustainable-fuels-and-business.174 Ibid. 175 Ibid.176 Ibid.; Inclusive Energy, “Who's Counting, Exploring If Data Pays in Biogas Carbon Projects”, 2023, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/6380a6194d1af74b3422b87f/t/642c0bff1afe2d5d297daf1a/1680608267909/230404+Who%27s+Counting_Web1.2.pdf.177 Clean Cooking Alliance, op. cit. note 169.178 Ibid.179 ESMAP, “The State of Access to Modern Energy Cooking Services”, 2020, https://cleancooking.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/598-1.pdf.180 IEA et al., op. cit note 10.181 IRENA, “Renewable Energy Market Analysis, Africa and Its Regions”, 2022, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Jan/IRENA_Market_Africa_2022.pdf.182 Sistema, “Sistema.bio Closes Over $15MM in Financing to Scale Climate-smart Clean Energy Technology for Farmers”, 2022, https://sistema.bio/blog/2022-investment-press-release.183 Ibid. 184 Ibid. 185 SNV, “Household Bio-digester Installations in Selected Countries in Africa and Asia in 2021”, 2022, https://a.storyblok.com/f/191310/b8ca144d18/snv-20biodigester-20status-20brief-20-28final-29.pdf.186 Ibid. 187 Africa Energy Portal, “Rwanda: Koko Networks to Invest $25m for Ecological Cooking”, April 4, 2022, https://africa-energy-portal.org/news/rwanda-koko-networks-invest-25m-ecological-cooking.188 Koko, “Rwanda Signs Agreement with Koko”, 2022, https://rdb.rw/rwanda-signs-agreement-with-koko-to-establish-25-million-renewable-cooking-fuel-utility.189 Snapshots 1 Europe 2 China 3 South Africa 4 Pakistan 5 US-China 6 Spain 7 India 8 Poland 9 Chile 10 Japan 11 Tanzania 12 United States 13 Haiti 14 Germany 15 Africa 16 Germany 17 United States