Challenges and Opportunities for the Uptake of Renewable Energy Systems and Infrastructure Challenges The variable nature of solar and wind power, which can fluctuate based on weather patterns and other variables, could affect system stability, making it more difficult to balance supply and demand. Curtailment of variable renewable energy sources is expected to increase as their share in electricity systems increases. Integration of variable renewables in electric grids requires careful planning and co-ordination among different stakeholders. Opportunities Grid infrastructure, storage, digitalisation, planning and accelerated permitting are key to realising the full integration of renewables in the power system. Electrification, sector coupling, thermal storage and demand side-management can optimise the use of renewables in the energy system. The number of countries with high shares of variable renewables in the electricity system is increasing. Market Developments