Village-scale mini-grids can serve tens or hundreds of
households. Traditionally, mini-grids in remote areas and
on islands have been powered by diesel generators or small
hydro. Generation from solar PV, wind, or biomass, often
in hybrid combinations including batteries and/or a supplementary
diesel generator, is slowly providing alternatives to
the traditional model, mostly in Asia. Tens of thousands of
mini-grids exist in China, primarily based on small hydro,
while hundreds or thousands exist in India, Nepal,Vietnam,
and Sri Lanka. The use of wind and solar PV technologies
in mini-grids and hybrid systems is still on the order of a
thousand systems worldwide, mostly installed in China
since 2000. China’s "Township Electrification Program"
from 2002–2004 electrified one million rural people in one
thousand townships, about 250,000 households, with electricity
from solar PV, wind-solar PV hybrid systems, and
small hydropower systems. During 2002–2004, almost 700
townships received village-scale solar PV stations of approximately
30–150 kW (about 20 MW total). A few of these
were hybrid systems with wind power (about 800 kW of
wind total). India, the other main location for village-scale
power systems, has 550 kW of solar/wind hybrid systems
installed, which serve on the order of a few thousand households
in several dozen villages.[
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